PASSIVE VOICE
THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG
Công thức:
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE*
* Past participle: V3
Quy tắc chuyển đổi:
+ Tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động và chủ ngữ câu chủ động làm tân ngữ câu bị động.
+ BE được chia theo thì của động từ ở câu chủ động.
| Active | S + V + O |
| Passive | S + BE + V3/ed + by Agent |
Ex: Jack opens the door. (Active)
The door is opened by Jack. (Passive)
► Cấu trúc thể bị động của các thì:
| Present | ♦ Simple: S + am / is / are + V3/ed by O. | |
| S + am not / isn't / aren't + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Am / Is / Are + S + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S am / is / are. No, S am not / isn't / aren't. | |
| ♦ Continuous: S + am / is / are + being + V3/ed by O. | ||
| S + am not / isn't / aren't + being + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Am / is / are + S + being + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S am / is / are. No, S am not / isn't / aren't. | |
| ♦ Perfect: S + have / has + been + V3/ed by O. | ||
| S + haven't / hasn't + been + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Have / Has + S + been + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S have / has. No, S haven't / hasn't. | |
Ex: A French architect is going to design our house. (Active)
Our house is going to be designed by a French architect. (Passive)
| Past | ♦ Simple: S + was / were + V3/ed by O. | |
| S + wasn't / weren't + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Was / Were + S + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S was / were. No, S wasn't / weren't. | |
| ♦ Continuous: S + was / were + being + V3/ed by O. | ||
| S + wasn't / weren't + being + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Was / Were + S + being + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S was / were. No, S wasn't / weren't. | |
| ♦ Perfect: S+ had + been + V3/ed by O. | ||
| S+ hadn't + been + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Had + S + been + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S had. No, S hadn't. | |
Ex: Minh and Hoa were doing their homework at 8 p.m last night. (Active)
Their homework was being done at 8 p.m by Minh and Hoa last night. (Passive)
| Future | ♦ Simple: S+ will + be + V3/ed by O. | |
| S+ won't + be + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Will+ S + be + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S will. No, S won't. | |
| ♦ Continuous: S+ will + being + V3/ed by O. | ||
| S+ won't + being + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Will + S + being + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S will. No, S won't. | |
| ♦ Perfect: S + will have + been + V3/ed by O. | ||
| S + won't have + been + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Will S have + been + V3/ed by O. | Yes, S will. No, S won't. | |
Ex: The workers will be finished our house at the end of year.
Our house will been finished by the workers at the end of year.
► Cấu trúc thể bị động của modal verbs:
| Modal verbs should may might must have to | ♦ Simple: S+ modal + be + V3/ed by O. | |
| S+ model not + be + V3/ed by O. | ||
| Modal + S + be + V3/ed by O? | Yes, S modal. No, S modal not. | |
Ex: You should brush your teeth after each meal. (Active)
Your teeth should be brushed after each meal. (Passive)
She has to finish the report by 5 p.m. (Active)
The report has to be finished by 5 p.m. (Passive)
Note:
+ Vị trí theo thứ tự ưu tiên: trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và trạng từ chỉ thể cách.
Ex: Mary bought this hat in Mexico last month. (Active)
This hat was bought in Mexico by Mary last month. (Passive)
Nam treats his dog badly. (Active)
His dog was badly treated by Nam. (Passive)
+ By + them, people, everyone / someone / everything / ..., me, you, him, her, us được lược bỏ trong câu thụ động.
Ex: People speak English in many parts of the world. (Active)
English is spoken in many parts of the world. (Passive)
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